Studying Computer Engineering in Germany: Universität vs Hochschule

If you’re considering studying in Germany, one of the first choices you’ll face is between a Universität and a Hochschule (Fachhochschule / University of Applied Sciences). Both award a  Bachelor of Science (BSc), but they serve different types of students and career goals.

Universitäten focus on theoretical knowledge and research. Professors are evaluated mainly on publications, grants, and PhD supervision, so teaching ability is less emphasized. Class sizes can reach into the hundreds, leaving students with little chance of direct contact with professors. Students dive deep into mathematics, algorithms, and computer science theory, and are largely expected to learn on their own — which can add extra stress for foreign students. This is the ideal path if you want to pursue an academic career.

Hochschulen are industry-oriented. Professors are hired for their industry experience and teaching ability rather than publications. Programs include a mandatory internship semester (Praxissemester) and project-based courses. Class sizes are smaller (often just a couple dozen students), giving students much easier access to professors and helping them graduate with strong connections to employers. This path is perfect if your goal is to graduate as a job-ready engineer.

The most unique feature of DHBW (and all duale Studiengänge in Germany) is that 1 year in advance, you apply first to a partner company (e.g., Mercedes-Benz, Bosch, SAP, Porsche, IBM). The company runs its own selection process. Only if you get a training contract (Ausbildungsvertrag) with the company are you then admitted to DHBW. This is why the probability of graduating in 3 years is high — companies don’t hire people they expect to fail. If you have graduated from a Turkish High School without an IB diploma programme, to apply to the company you first have to either study 1 year in a Turkish university or 1 year in a German StudienKolleg. Since companies take applications for the next year, this would mean losing 2 years. Having an IB diploma saves 2 years.

The dropout rate is around 33% at Universitäten, compared to about 23% at Fachhochschulen, indicating that studying at a Fachhochschule is generally easier.

After graduation, to get a job as a foreigner, the salary offer has to be minimum €43,759.80 yearly gross (as of 2025). This is roughly 1.6 times the minimum wage in Germany.

Türkiye does not have a direct equivalent of the German Hochschule. The closest would be Meslek Yüksekokulu (2-year vocational schools), but those don’t lead to a BSc. All proper engineering BSc programs are run by universities which follow a more research-oriented academic culture and place little emphasis on teaching quality or industry needs. Due to incentives tied to publishing papers, teaching is often viewed as a burden rather than a priority.

Turkish graduates may lack structured internship/practical semesters. To be hired in the tech industry, students must take initiative, actively develop practical skills beyond coursework and demonstrate hands-on experience through internships, freelance work, or GitHub contributions.

Advice for students starting computer engineering

First of all, congratulations on choosing computer engineering as your profession. It’s a challenging field, especially if you currently have limited programming experience. Throughout your studies, you’ll often find yourself juggling at least three demanding courses simultaneously, leaving little time to fully digest the material. You’ll have to move quickly from one assignment or exam to the next, so it’s wise to prepare in advance. Read the blog of one of my computer engineering students to get an idea.

To begin with, it helps to understand the "superpowers" you gain with a computer engineering degree and what they can be used for. No, it’s not just about mobile or web applications. It is applied mathematics. At its core, computer engineering is about solving complex problems with an optimal balance of speed and computer memory usage. For instance, if you can perform a task 40,000 times faster, that’s the difference between the blink of an eye and an hour, or having a popular product or a product no one is using. I recommend the following resources:

• An App Called Napster: A documentary about the impact of advances in computing (MP3 compression and peer-to-peer networking) on the music industry.
• Crash Course Computer Science: A six-hour series covering all the topics you’ll encounter during your four years of study.
• But what is a neural network?: An introduction to artificial neural networks and deep learning.
• The essence of calculus: To prepare for the first year mathematics courses.

If you're having trouble understanding the English in the videos, try watching them at 0.5x speed with captions enabled. You can also use Duolingo to boost your English.

During your holidays, spend a couple of weeks familiarizing yourself with key concepts and gaining the ability to solve simple programming problems. This way, during the semester, you’ll only need to focus on understanding the problems themselves, rather than struggling with basic tasks like how to use a compiler or mastering programming language syntax. Follow CS50x 2024, which covers many computer science/engineering topics. Keep in mind that you’ll need to dedicate at least 20 hours per week to solve the problems in this course.

By laying a solid foundation now, you’ll set yourself up for success in your studies and beyond. Remember, the journey of becoming a computer engineer is demanding but very rewarding. Stay curious, keep challenging yourself, and don't hesitate to seek help when needed. Document your progress and the lessons you learn in a blog. Your dedication and hard work will pay off as you acquire the skills to create innovative solutions. Best of luck on your exciting journey into the world of computer engineering!

Music: Vivaldi's Four Seasons: Summer - Epic Trailer Version